Subsequent designations usually launches to describe any abnormal growth of cancer
Cancer, cancer, cancer, cancer, cancer
Tumor (in English: Tumor): is any growth or inflation is abnormal, or the appearance of a strange mass in the body. The tumor is considered as a synonym for the word neoplasia Neoplasm. But the intended tumor neoplasia steel Hard Neoplasm, and there is a solid Tencaat - such as leukemia - do not produce tumors.
Tumor growth (in English: Tumorigensis) is the process by which normal cells turn into cancer cells.
Neoplasia (in English: Neoplasm): The mean proliferation Proliferation cells with genetic mutations. Almtencih cells of two types:
Neoplasia / metastasis Malignant: a Maigsd by Cancer Cancer.
Neoplasia / benign tumor Benign: a neoplasia that is characterized by limited growth and reproduction Self-Limiting, and non-Ghazi Non-Invasive, nor characterized Balnkulaih Metastasis.
Ghazi tumor Invasive: This word is synonymous with another word for cancer. Where refers to the invasion of tumor cells to the tissue surrounding the cancer.
Tumor potential malignancy Pre-malignancy, tumor potential carcinogenicity Pre-cancer, the tumor is Ghazi Non-invasive tumor: are synonyms for neoplasia non-Ghazi, but there is a high probability of transition to Tencaat malignant if left untreated. Increases the possibility of turning haemangiomas Lesion to cancer whenever gradually cells of cells atypia Atypia, and then into the cells dysfunctional dysplasia Dysplasia and ends with cancer cells localized Carcinoma in situ.
Subsequent designations used by doctors for cancer:
Investigation Screening: is the test for healthy people to detect tumors before they appear. The Ochtbaraltsoar Mammogram radiation to the breast of the choices that are used for the diagnosis of infected cases of breast cancer.
Diagnosis is sure of the nature of the tumor mass. The surgeon is done by taking a sample of the tumor or to remove the tumor completely and then tested by a specialist pathologist.
Resection Surgical Excision: a surgeon to remove the tumor.
Edges surgery Surgical Margins: an assessment specialist pathology to the edges of the tumor Almstisal, to determine if what has been completely remove the tumor (negative edges) or if the remaining portion is not removed (positive edges) Positive Margins.
The degree of tumor Grade: a number (usually from 1 to 3) is given by a specialist pathology to describe the degree of similarity between cancer cells and healthy cells surrounding the cancer.
Tumor stage Stage: a number (usually 1 to 4) is given by a specialist pathology to describe the degree of invasion of cancer of the human body.
Back occurrence Recurrence: a new tumors that appear in the same location of the tumor first.
Metastasis Metastasis: a new tumors that appear in places far from the first tumor.
Transformation Transformation: turning a low-grade tumor Low-grade Tumor tumor to high-class High-grade Tumor during a certain time. An example of this shift Richter Richter's transofrmation.
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy: It means the oncology drugs.
Radiation Therapy Radiotherapy: It means the oncology radiation.
Adjuvant therapy Adjuvant therapy: It is intended to chemotherapy or radiation therapy is recommended after surgery to kill any cancer cells remain.
Predict yield treatment Prognosis: It is the probability of cure after treatment. It is often measured by the probability of survival over five years at a minimum after the diagnosis. Or is the period in which the proportion of patients neighborhood of 50%. These statistics are Astikaúha of hundreds of similar cases to be given the so-called Kaplan Meier curve Kaplan-Meier curve.
Cancers are classified based on the similarity between the cancer cell and the cell proper. Examples of the types of cancers:
Carcinoma Carcinoma: They cancers originate from epithelial cells Epithelial Cells. They constitute the largest group of cancers in general, and especially in breast cancer, prostate, lung and pancreas.
Sarcoma Sarcoma: It stems from cancers of the connective tissue Connective tissue or mesenchymal cells Mesenchymal cells.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and leukemia Leukemia: two Srtanan originate from hematopoietic cells Hemapoietic cells.
Srtaueuerm carcinoid tumor]
Tumor cell Almnchih Germ Cell: a tumor stem cells from a holistic Alusa Totipotent Cells. Found in testes and ovary of adults, also found in fetuses and infants and young children.
Tumor plastic / blastoma Blastic Tumor: a tumor tissue resembling immature or embryonic tissue. Most cases of this disease are young.
When referring to the malignant tumors in English, using endings such as carcinoma and sarcoma and blastoma preceded the Greek name by which it appears that the tumor. And use the end of oma to express benign tumor, but there are some cancers bearing end oma such as melanoma and melanoma tumor seminoma seminoma.
Cancers of adults
Based on the National Institute of Statistics of tumors in Egypt in 2004. [4]
The most common cancers for males:
Bladder cancer (15%)
Liver cancer (12%)
Lymphoma (10%)
Leukemia - to Yukemia - (9%)
Lung cancer (6%)
Colon cancer (5%)
Other cancers (43%)
The most common cancers for females:
Breast cancer (36%)
Lymphoma (7%)
Leukemia (6%)
Bladder cancer (5%)
Colon cancer (5%)
Liver cancer (4%)
Other cancers (37%)
In the United States, advanced lung cancer at the forefront of cancers that lead to the death of the victim is male or female, and then followed by prostate cancer patients and male breast cancer in female patients. [5]
Childhood cancers
Increased risk of cancer in infants and less as they get older. The cancer is leukemia of the most common cancers in children Egyptians followed by lymphoma and cancers of the brain and nervous system. [4]
Symptoms and signs of cancer
Symptoms are divided roughly into three sections:
Localized symptoms: the emergence of a tumor mass or abnormal bleeding, pain and blistering. Some cancers may lead to a yellow yellowing of the eyes and skin, as in pancreatic cancer.
Symptoms of transport: hypertrophy of the lymph nodes, the appearance of cough and Tit in the blood, enlarged liver Hepatomegaly, aching bones.
Symptoms appear in all of the body: low weight, loss of appetite, tiredness and fatigue, sweating, especially during the night, the occurrence anemia.
Note: does not mean having a show - or a group of symptoms from the previous menu - when someone was diagnosed with cancer, actually, there may be other reasons. The best always check with your doctor to check arbitration may not be yourself.
X-ray of the lung with lung cancer
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of the disease is diagnosed by symptoms or by screening Screening his work. But it remains the final diagnosis by examining pathology specialist.
The survey for the disease
Investigation is examining the incidence of cancer in people at high risk of cancer through medical tests such as blood test, and computerized tomography Computed axial tomography, or endoscopic.
Biopsy or sample
Biopsy provides biopsy or surgical pathology specimen to a specialist to be recognized on the stage and grade of cancer. Some biopsies (Kkhozah skin cancer or breast or liver) can be taken clinic Dr, The biopsies of internal organs require anesthesia and is done by surgery in the operating room. Descriptions provided by the specialist pathology of the degree of cancer, stage and other information becomes very important because it determines the type of treatment for this patient. Sciences such as cellular Alorathat Cytogenetics and chemistry Histology Immunohistochemistry immune in the future may provide more information about the nature of cancer and the best therapy for each case infected.
Methods of Treatment
Cancer is treated with surgery Surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy, and there is also Immunotherapy Immunotherapy, treatment antibodies single Alnsleyh Monoclonal Antibody therapy and treatment freeze and other treatments. Choose to treat each case as the location of the cancer and the degree and stage and condition of the patient.
Be the goal of treatment is to remove the cancer from the body of the patient is of sound destruction Members. Sometimes this is done by surgery, but the tendency of cancer to invade other tissues and move to distant areas limit the effectiveness of this treatment. Chemotherapy also limited use because of its harmful effect on the members of the Order of sound in the body. This effect also occurs in the case of harmful radiation therapy.
Cancer is a group of diseases, so it certainly will cure a range of treatments to heal the disease.
Surgical treatment
Liver Tumor
In theory, solid cancers can be cured by surgery to remove them, but this is not what actually happens. When the cancer has spread and transport it to other places in the body before surgery, lacking opportunities remove the cancer. Model explains Halstadan Halstedian Model on the progress of solid cancer, they grow in place and then move to the lymph nodes Lymph Nodes and then to all parts of the body. [6] This led to the search for treatments for localized solid cancers before they spread, including surgical treatment.
Surgery such as mastectomy Mastectomy surgery or surgery to remove the prostate prostatectomy is the removal of the affected part of cancer or member may be removed whole. Cancerous cell microscopic one is enough to produce a new cancer, which is the so-called relapse Recurrence. So when the surgery gives the surgeon a sample from the edge of the removed to a specialist surgical pathology Surgical Pathologist to make sure they are free from any infected cells, to reduce the chances of relapse patient.
The task of the surgical procedure to remove the cancer, it is important to determine the stage of cancer and to explore if the contract Allimphouih invasion by tumor cells. This information has a significant impact on the choice of appropriate treatment and prognosis.
Sometimes surgery is needed to control and relieve symptoms of cancer, such as pressure on the spinal cord or bowel obstruction and called the treatment of housing Palliative Treatment.
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Radiotherapy
Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: radiation therapy
Radiation therapy (in English :: Radiation therapy or radiotherapy or X-ray therapy) is the use of radiation in the ionization ability of cancer cells to kill her or to reduce their numbers. Is applied to the patient's body from the outside and the so-called external beam therapy External beam radiotherapy EBRT or is applied inside the patient's body by therapy branching Branchytheray. The effect of radiation therapy and topical effect is limited to the area to be treated. Radiation therapy hurts and destroys Article gene in cells, which affects the division of those cells. Although this therapy affects the cancer cells and healthy, but most of the healthy cells can recover from the impact of radiation. Radiation therapy aims to destroy most of the cancer cells while minimizing the effect on healthy cells. So shall be fractionated radiation therapy to several doses, for giving healthy cells time to recover recover between radiation dose.
Radiation therapy is used for all types of solid cancers, can also be used in the case of cancer, leukemia, or leukemia. Radiation dose is determined by the place of cancer and cancer sensitivity to radiation Radiosensitivity and if there is a proper portion adjacent to the cancer can be affected by radiation. The impact on the adjacent tissue is the most important side effect of this type of treatments.
Chemotherapy
Crystal Clear app kdict.png detailed article: chemotherapy
Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancers of chemical medicines (anti-cancer drugs Anticancer Drugs) capable of destroying cancer cells. The term is currently used chemotherapy drugs to express cytotoxic Cytotoxic Drugs which affected all distinct cells divide rapidly, in contrast, no treatment with drugs targeting. Chemotherapy interferes with cell division in various regions, such as the overlap when DNA double Duplication or when you configure chromosomes Chromosomes. Cytotoxic drugs target rapidly dividing cells, and are therefore non-specific target has targeted cancer cells and sound alike, but healthy cells are able to repair any damage in the DNA gets as a result of the treatment. Of the tissues that are affected by chemotherapy are the tissues that are constantly changing, such as the lining of the intestine that reform itself after the end of chemotherapy.
Ahaanaikon provide two types of medications to the patient better than a single drug, called the grouping of chemical drugs Combination chemotherapy.
Some treatments for cancer, leukemia or lymphoma require high doses of chemotherapy and radiation to the entire body of the patient Total Body Irradiation TBI to eradicate the entire bone marrow, which gives an opportunity for the body to produce new bone marrow and then give the new blood cells. For this reason, the reservation is on the bone marrow or blood stem cells before treatment in anticipation of the body's inability to produce new marrow. This is called a repetition of a stem cell transplant Autologus Stem Cell Transplantation. In contrast, stem cells can be transplanted hemopoietic Hemapoietic Stem Cells from a donor other appropriate Matched Unrelated Donor MUD.
Targeted therapy
In late 1990, the use of targeted therapy Targeted Therapy significant impact in the treatment of some cancers. And now is considered one of the most important areas that are looking for the treatment of cancer. This treatment uses drugs precise targeting proteins appear in the cancer cells. And these drugs are small molecules to stop the proteins produced by mutations in abundance in the tumor cell to its importance to that cell. An example of this drugs inhibit protein tyrosine kinase Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors such as medicine and medicine Amatinnib Geevitinb.
A picture of a laser surgeon sheds on cancer, cancer medication absorbed sensitive to light - Votovran -, to kill cancer cells
Drugs against single Alnsleyh Monoclonal Antibody is another strategy in targeted therapy. The drug is an Antibody against the capture of a protein present on the cell wall. Examples include this type, such as drug trastuzumab Trastuzumab which antigen against HER2/neu and treated by breast cancer, and there is also a drug monoclonal antibody Rituximab, which antigen against cells with differentiation cluster 20 (CD20) and treated by some cancers in cell lymphoma B B-cell and medicine Saoudimap Cetuximab, a antigen against EGFR and treated by colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer. Also of targeted therapies, drugs containing radioactive Nowiat Radionuclides linked Bouapptidat small can stick Receptor receptors on the cell surface or extracellular materials associated Extracellular Matrix and surrounding the tumor. When you link these peptides on the surface of the cancer or the Alnowiat radioactive degradation and kill cancer cells.
Treatment Baltqo optical Photodynamic therapy PDT is a treatment includes three requirements, they are sensitive material to light and oxygen from the tissue and light (often a laser)., Where the patient is given photosensitive material is non-toxic to the cells, then spread the material in the body and suck out the cancer cells and to reverse it does not healthy cells absorbed. The surgeon then directs the light or laser to a member of the cancer, turning the presence of oxygen sensitive material of non-toxic material to a toxic substance inside cancer cells. And is used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma Basal Cell Carcinoma or lung cancer. This treatment is also useful in killing malignant tissue remaining after surgical removal of the tumor large. [7]
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy Immunotherapy treatment differs from the target Targeted Therapy that is designed to stimulate a patient's body immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Urges the current methods of generating an immune response against cancer, including the use of Bacillus Calmette neighbors Bacillus Calmette-Guérin BCG into the bladder to prevent bladder cancer or the use of interferon or cytokine to stimulate the immune system against renal cell carcinoma Renal Cell Carcinoma cancer or melanoma. Also, use Alqahat such as vaccine Sebuliosel - T Sipuleucel-T is configured by taking cells foliage Denderitic Cell - stimulating the cells of the immune system - from the patient's body and loaded Pfosvetaz prostatic acid Prostate Acid Phosphatase and returned for a second body. Whereupon stimulate the immune system against specific tumor cells in the prostate.
In 2007, the Lebanese scholar d. Michel Obeid and his colleagues discovered material containing a Alantraseklin Anthracycline (group characterized Bamadadtha cancer). Where this article gave the slaves of mice with cancer, Vergmt this article cancer cells to produce material called Alcariticolan calreticulin and put them on the cell membrane of cancer cells only. The presence of this material on the cell surface, enabling the immune system to distinguish between tumor cells that secrete Alcalratikulan and healthy cells that do not come out. Leading to alert the immune system cells whereupon devour cancer cells and cancer to pay death and the events of the death process called immune Immunogenic Cell Death. [8] have not been experimenting with this drug on humans.
The bone marrow transplant from a donor other type of immunotherapy, so that the immune cells produced from the transplanted bone marrow will attack the cancer cells and release of this treatment, "the effect of the implant against the tumor" graft-versus-tumor effect. He spoke in severe side effects of this treatment.
Hormone Therapy
May stop the growth of some cancers by hormone therapy Hormonal Therapy. Cancer such as breast cancer and prostate may be affected by this type of treatment. The removal or disabling of estrogen or testosterone added benefits of treatment.
Gene Therapy
Gene therapy or gene of the most important new strategies in the fight against cancer. And its importance has emerged with the definition of diseases such as cancers, genetic diseases, to entice researchers in the search for repair malfunctioning genes. This is done in many ways, including the development of the healthy gene in the viral cover or in a positively charged liposomes Cataionic Liposomes or by electrification of cancer cells and force them to open the pores to help absorb the healthy gene into the cancer cell and dubbed Electroporation. And recently appeared treatment by Rana overlapping siRNA to stop the production of proteins of cancer.
But now is not proven to any type of gene therapy in the treatment of cancer by the Food and Drug Administration of America. To learn more about the views of the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. gene therapy click on http://www.fda.gov/cber/gene.htm.
To control the symptoms of cancer
Often control the symptoms of cancer is not feasible to treat the cancer itself, but it is very important to improve the quality of life of the patient, and also determine if the patient can be engaged in other types of treatments. Despite the presence of experienced physicians to heal the symptoms, such as pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bleeding and other symptoms, but it has appeared a new type of specialization in the treatment of housing Palliative Care to patients' symptoms. Giving medications include morphine, oxycodone and anti-vomiting.
Improvement of chronic pain patients due to the development of cancer of the tissue destruction or treatment because of user (surgery or radiation or drugs). They often show near the end of life of the patient. It must then patient convenience and soothe his pain Palmorvinat. Hates specialists supply cancer patients with narcotics addiction, fearing her patient or an interruption of the patient's breathing.
Fatigue appears to dominate as a problem in patients with cancer, which affects the quality of life of the patient. Recently, the treatment of this offer by the doctors.
Alternative and complementary therapy
The alternative treatment CMOS Complementary and Alternative medicine CAM is a different kind of treatments followed. Unfortunately most of this treatment are not followed the scientific methods such as clinical trials or tested on animals. When you experience some of the alternative materials is not the existence of its feasibility. The latest example of this, the annual Forum in 2007 for the American Society of Clinical Oncology American Society of Clinical Oncology has cited the failure of the phase III trials Phase III comparison between shark cartilage in the treatment of lung cancer. [9] intended treatment CMOS is the roads or the materials used with treatment followed. The mean treatment alternative materials are to be used for alternative treatments followed. Counted the Journal of Clinical Cancer 453 cancer patient, has made 69% of them experience complementary or alternative treatment at least once during the trip at least treated.
Of complementary therapies, herbal remedies, and there is now a test of the U.S. National Institute of Health to plant glutinous Mistletoe with chemotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. Acupuncture Acupuncture is used to control the side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting. Psychotherapy, also a complementary therapy, may improve the patient's mood.
Alternative therapies many different, has met with approval for fear of the side effects of the treatment used, and the cost.